The Old Man and the Sea An Example of the Typical Hemingway Essay Essay Example

The Old Man and the Sea: An Example of the Typical Hemingway Essay Paper Ernest Miller Hemingway was one of the most celebrated American writers because of his simple manner yet complex psychological analysis. The Old Man and the Sea is merely one illustration of this typical Hemingway manner. The novelette won the Pulitzer in 19 53 and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 19 54. It has remained popular since the publication in 19 52 because of its timeless subjects of battle and endurance. The narrative starts out with the supporter. Santiago who is an aged fisherman. holding an drawn-out tally of bad fortune. It is told in 3rd individual all-knowing point of position so that while entirely. the protagonist’s ideas and feelings can be revealed. Santiago is a character who has lost his married woman and is improbably hapless. Sympathy for him is established from the beginning. He has been a fisherman from a little small town near Havana. Cuba all of his life and he carries deep inside of himself an infinite hope that his accomplishments are ace and that his fortune will shortly alter. Hemingway was besides a fisherman. In all actuality. he was many things. a soldier. newsman. huntsman. pugilist. and lover of the out-of-doorss. Like Santiago. he was besides aging at the clip he wrote the book. We will write a custom essay sample on The Old Man and the Sea: An Example of the Typical Hemingway Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Old Man and the Sea: An Example of the Typical Hemingway Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Old Man and the Sea: An Example of the Typical Hemingway Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He had begun to see in himself the depredations that clip takes on a organic structure. particularly on 1 that has been pushed to the bound many times. Hemingway had lost four married womans. but to disassociate alternatively of decease. Santiago has a comrade. Manolin. but his parents order him to discontinue Santiago and his boat for one that is more successful. Manolin wants to stay loyal to Santiago. but is forced by a higher power to make otherwise. This leads to Santiago’s isolation. Hemingway was a adult male who sporadically imposed isolation on himself. It could hold perchance been the isolation that was the clip for his originative mastermind to work. He resided in Cuba for a figure of old ages before Castro came to power. So he knew that the sea could be a topographic point for solidarity. It seemed like the perfect scene for the narrative of Santiago and his fishing escapade. â€Å"Jolting† Joe DiMaggio is Santiago’s hero. It is of import that he read the baseball scores every twenty-four hours. DiMaggio. whose male parent had been a fisherman. had overcome a heal goad that would hold crippled many others. but he went on to hold a successful calling. Santiago greatly admires DiMaggio’s bravery and finding. Hemingway believed that bravery was man’s greatest property. The celebrated â€Å"Hemingway Code† is that work forces must expose bravery. finding. and a since of escapade. The codification gets its name from the qualities that Hemingway embodied. Santiago’s dreams play an of import function in the narrative. At dark he has a repeating dream about king of beastss playing on the beaches of Africa. He no longer dreamed of storms. nor of adult females. nor of great happenings. nor of great fish. nor battles. nor competitions of strength. nor of his married woman. He merely dreamed of topographic points now and of the king of beastss on the beach. They played like immature cats in the twilight and he loved them as he loved the male child. ( Hemingway. Ch. 1 ) He had seen this scene when he was a immature boat while on a ship off the shore. The dream ties Santiago’s young person with his aged nowadays. Africa was a favourite topographic point for Hemingway. Safaris were a changeless pleasance in his life. Hunting large game was his darling interest. It takes bravery and finding to confront the game that he did even with a arm. It was the since of escapade that he lived for and added to his celebrity. There was something about the freedom and power of the king of beastss that gave Santiago pleasance and peace. The king of beasts is a marauder as Hemingway felt that adult male was besides a marauder. However. they both had another side. 1 that could be playful and loving. As Santiago departs on the sea. he becomes one with it. He considers the fish his friends and he likens his relationship with the sea to that of a adult female who is non in control of herself. He chooses the escapade of rowing to the Gulf Stream alternatively of remaining within sight of the shore. This action takes him out further that he had of all time been earlier and foreshadows his battles in the sea. He is after a marlin to interrupt his run of bad fortune. He knows that it will be hard without any aid. but that is portion of the challenge. He catches two tunas to utilize for come-on. Merely so the austere line came tight under his pes. where he had kept the cringle of the line. and he dropped his oars and felt the weight of the little tuna’s shuddering pull as he held the line house and commenced to hale it in. The shuddering increased as he pulled in and he could see the bluish dorsum of the fish in the H2O and the gold of his sides before he swung him over the side and into the boat. He lay in the after part in the Sun. compact and slug shaped. his large. stupid eyes gazing as he thumped his life out against the planking of the boat with the speedy chill shots of his neat. fast-moving tail. The old adult male hit him on the caput for kindness and kicked him. his organic structure still shivering. under the shadiness of the after part. ( Ch. 2 ) It was a determination that one would anticipate Hemingway to do. He would hold faced the bravery that it would take to confront the power of the sea and the marlin with an aging organic structure. Santiago hooks a marlin that is so big he can non draw it into the boat on his ain. He is determined to catch the fish regardless of what it takes from him. The marlin is the largest 1 that he has of all time seen. The marlin symbolizes the perfect opposition. It is big. strong. and will besides contend for his life. He pulls the boat out even farther into the sea. and Santiago sees the visible radiations of Havana disappear into the distance. This action symbolizes the sloughing of modernisation and the things of human sort. Santiago must now confront his opposition with merely himself. Hemingway would encompass this quality of courage in any adult male particularly in an aging one. Santiago must trust on his monolithic cognition of the sea for endurance. He must look to his natural milieus and find the information that is to maintain him alive. He understands the sea so good because he is non simply a fisherman who has fished for money. but he has learned great lessons from his instructor. the sea and all of its residents. Santiago uses flashback to retrieve an earlier clip when he caught a female marlin. and how her male opposite number was so grieved that he follows the boat in mourning. It is so we see that. harmonizing to Hemingway. adult females lead to grief. Santiago could non maintain the image of his married woman on the wall because it made him excessively heartbroken. Hemingway did non let adult females a outstanding and positive topographic point in his literature. This was due to the fact that his experiences with adult females were negative. His ain female parent was cruel to the immature male child and even made him dress in female vesture. Hemingway even resented his male parent for non standing up for him. His first love was Agnes Von Kurowsky. a nurse he met after he was wounded in World War I. After a brief love affair. Agnes rejected the immature Hemingway. It broke his bosom and he neer genuinely travel over the experience. He so proceeded to get married four times. The first three matrimonies ended in acrimonious divorces. It was non until subsequently in life that he would run into his last married woman. Mary Welsh. and so he would happen felicity with a adult female. By the following forenoon. Santiago has earnestly hurt his left manus. He so uses his dorsum to keep onto the fish. Even though he is in tormenting hurting. he continues to keep to the fish. Hemingway besides knew great hurting in his life. At 19. he was wounded in Italy during World War I. He took many pieces of shrapnel to the leg. Most were removed. but the hurt left him in hurting for the remainder of his life. He besides suffered greatly from hurts suffered from a plane clang in 19 54. He was left with an injured lien. a concussion. and he was blind in his right oculus. His wellness deteriorated quickly and he was neer in good physical status after the clang. Santiago besides feels that the hurting that he endures makes him a worthy opposition for the great marlin. He can non assist but chew over the thought that whoever purchases the marlin one time he gets it back to shore will non be worthy to eat it and does non merit to have the marlin. This is dry because for Santiago to supply such a great fish would be an award for him. Santiago is largely characterized by his ideas and actions. He is a deep thought adult male even though he is officially uneducated. However. his cognition of the sea and endurance on the sea is huge. He is resourceful in that he can last with the stuffs that he has with him. Santiago eats his come-on fish and uses his oar as a arm. Even though he is the marauder of the marlin. he is respectful of it and all of his natural milieus. Even though Santiago is non a spiritual adult male. there is rather a spot of Christian spiritual symbolism in the novelette. The lone two images on the walls of Santiago’s hut were of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and one of the Virgin of Cobre. the patronne of Cuba. As stated earlier. he had taken down the image of his dead married woman because it was excessively painful for him to be reminded of her. It would look that the other two images were of import to him. He alludes to the crucifixion when he refers to his hurting as nails being driven through the custodies. Santiago is besides cut on both of his custodies. It was the markers of the manus that Jesus used to turn out to his adherent. Thomas that he was the risen Christ. The marlin. one time killed by Santiago is tied to the side of the boat. raising it up above the remainder of the fish. as Jesus was lifted on the cross. It is besides the blood of the marlin that attracts a followers of sharks merely as the blood of Christ attracts his followings. The 4th twenty-four hours Santiago eventually kills his marlin after a tough battle that has left him dog-tired. experiencing swoon. and seeing black musca volitanss. â€Å"I have neer seen or heard of such a fish. But I must kill him. I am glad we do non hold to seek to kill the stars. † Imagine if each twenty-four hours a adult male must seek to kill the Moon. he thought. The Moon runs off. . . . Then he was sorry for the great fish that had nil to eat and his finding to kill him neer relaxed in his sorrow for him. . . . There is no 1 worthy of eating him from the mode of his behaviour and his great self-respect. I do non understand these things. he thought. But it is good that we do non hold to seek to kill the Sun or the Moon or the stars. It is adequate to populate on the sea and kill our true brothers. ( Ch 3 ) He is winning. but admirations if it is he who killed the marlin or the marlin that has killed him. It is his lesions that allow him to cognize that the state of affairs is existent and he is decidedly alive. Then the fish came alive. with his decease in him. and rose high out of the H2O demoing all his great length and breadth and all his power and his beauty. He seemed to hang in the air above the old adult male in the skiff. Then he fell into the H2O with a clang that sent spray over the old adult male and over all of the skiff. ( Ch 4 ) The onslaught of the mako shark is lay waste toing to Santiago. It takes at least 40 lbs of meat from the marlin before Santiago can kill it with his harpoon. Unfortunately. the mako shark sinks with the harpoon stuck in it. This leaves Santiago unarmed far plenty out in the sea that he is defenceless. Now that the blood is fluxing quickly from the marlin. he knows that other sharks will follow. and he is right. It is non long before a brace of shovel-nose sharks arrive and get down to take their toll on the marlin. Santiago decides to bring forth a make-shift lance by attaching his knife to an oar. He skilfully kills the sharks. but does non believe that were worthy oppositions like the mako shark. More and more shovel-nose sharks are drawn by the marlin’s blood. Santiago fights them off losing his knife in the procedure. He is merely left with a nine. but he continued to contend. When it was all over. all he had left was the skeleton of the marlin. He feels that he was defeated or crucified. The suspense that Hemingway creates at this point in the narrative is unbelievable. It is unsure if Santiago will last or if he will decease as did the marlin. He stated that he and the marlin were one. and at this point there is small uncertainty that he will fall in the marlin in his destiny. In a surprise turn of destiny. Santiago does do it back place with a ravaged organic structure and weariness. He struggles to transport the skeleton of the marlin to his hovel. Once he makes it to his hovel. he collapses on his little bed with his weaponries outstretched like Christ during the crucifixion. He falls into a deep slumber. Manolin is surprised to happen Santiago in his bed the following forenoon. He notices the old man’s custodies and feels an huge sum of commiseration for him. The other fishermen notice the immense skeleton of the marlin. and they measure it to happen that it was 18 pess long. Manolin. who is in cryings. goes to acquire java for Santiago. When he returns he tells him of the hunt for him by the Coast Guard and how many thought that he was dead. Manolin now sees Santiago as a hero that he can look up to. He tells the aged adult male that he will work with him on his boat no affair what his parents say. He has seen the bravery that Santiago demonstrated. and now Manolin knows that if he could digest what he did. so he excessively can cite his bravery. Hemingway felt that work forces should lodge together to promote each other when it came to their bravery. Manolin went to acquire Santiago some nutrient and a newspaper. He knows that after his ordeal in the sea. he deserves it. Pedrico. the local coffeehouse proprietor. sends free nutrient to Santiago through Manolin. He so promises that he will give Pedrico that he can hold the caput of the marlin. Subsequently on that afternoon. some tourer mistook the skeletal marlin caput for a shark. They could non grok what the significance of the great fish had meant. Manolin so returns to the hovel and finds that Santiago has once more fallen asleep. He sits down and watches him dream about the king of beastss. From Manolin conveying the old adult male java to the old man’s return to kip to woolgather. one time once more. about the king of beastss. ( Ch 5 ) The drama of the ferocious king of beastss symbolizes contrasting forces. Santiago has learned that these forces are a natural portion of life. Even though he is an old adult male. he has come full circle and is linking with his young person. One of the major subjects of the novel is that there is honor in decease. a battle. and in licking if one gives it all that he has to the battle. Santiago struggles with the elements of nature. sea animals. and society during the whole novelette. He is ready to confront decease when he opposes the marlin and the sharks. The fact that he was confronting a worthy opposition made him experience that it was worthy of decease. It was a battle that would take to the decease of one or the other. Hemingway was non afraid to confront decease in the escapades. He faced danger in the ocean. on African campaign. and his determination to take his ain boat and freed the Plaza Hotel from the Germans during World War II. Pride is another major subject of the narrative. You did non kill the fish merely to maintain alive and to sell for nutrient. he thought. You killed him for pride and because you are a fisherman. You loved him when he was alive and you loved him after. If you love him. it is non a wickedness to kill him. Or is it more? ( Ch 4 ) Santiago takes pride in his fishing accomplishments and in his finding. When he successfully gimmicks and kills the marlin. he is proud of his achievement. Hemingway does non reprobate pride. He was proud of his achievements and saw no shame in it. The agony of adult male is besides a subject of the book. Suffering is a normal portion of life. Santiago goes through an utmost sum of hurting while on his fishing escapade. His dorsum and custodies take the worst of the harm. After he returned place. Manolin notices that his custodies are wholly mutilated custodies. He suffers the hurting of holding his award gimmick that he worked and sacrificed so much destroyed by the sharks. When the novelette opened. Santiago suffered the scolding of the other fishermen. He endures it with award. It was easy to see why this was the novel that won Hemingway the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize. The work embodied the author’s best work. It was a perfect illustration of how Hemingway was populating at the clip. and contained many of the lessons that he had learned about life.

Test your understanding of the text Essays - Julia, Free Essays

Test your understanding of the text Essays - Julia, Free Essays Test your understanding of the text 1. What does Michael say about the way accounts are kept in their theatre? they are kept very well they are kept in the same way as in other theatres they are in mess 2. What does Michael mean by the phrase the way some of those firms in the city keep their accounts is enough to turn your hair grey? some firms manage to keep their accounts in amazing order accounts at some firms are in an awful mess some firms pay severe penalties for disorder in their accounts 3. Julia believes that Michaels secretary knew him inside and out? she does not know him at all she is his lover she knows him very well 4. What does the word one stand for in the sentence below? but I can tell you it was a very different play we produced from the one the author submitted to us. play author theatre 5. What word(s) could you use instead of I dare say in the sentence below? If youre very nice to Julia I dare say shell give you a photograph of herself when you go. I have courage to say Im afraid to say I expect 6. Looking at the young mans hair Julia wished he made the most of it. What should he have done to his hair to make it look more attractive to Julia? had it cut short had it dyed had arranged it so as to show its beauty 7. What does but mean in the following sentence? I take care never to do anything but what I can do. unless except and 8. Julia was known for her velvet look. What kind of look is that? piercing soft frightening 9. The author says that Jimmie Langton looked like one of Rubens prosperous burghers. How should we picture him? lean robust businesslike 10. What is the function of would in the sentence below? He would skip about the stage on one leg... it denotes the characters typical behaviour it is a part of the Future-in-the-Past form it shows an unreal action 11. The author characterizes Jane Taitbout as a stagy actress. What does he imply? that Jane was a talented actress that Jane had a great experience of acting that Janes acting was unnatural 12. Jimmie Langton said that Julia had an indiarubber face. What do you think that means? her face could show any feeling or emotion her face was not particularly attractive she had dark complexion 13. In talking to Julia Jimmie Langton says 2Now lets come down to brass tacks. Does he mean that they should go to the races talk about the facts which are of fundamental importance? Go and listen to the brass orchestra? 14. When Michael says: Bricks without straw; thats what we actors are expected to make nowadays, does he mean that actors are expected to do a good job without the necessary materials? go into the construction industry? make a mess of their professional activity?

No Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

No Topic - Essay Example Parents rely on continuous monitoring of babies left in their cribs by twoway radio transmitters. Teens and fasttrackers everywhere, wouldnt leave home these days without packing their mobile telecommunications device, whether it be telephone handset, personal communicator device, or other gadget. The modern world increasingly is bent on staying in touch. By saying this, Molitor (2003) has focused his attention on only one aspect of the impact of communication technology on families. But English-Lueck (1998) has on the other hand approached the issue in its totality and drawn attention to how the â€Å"world of home† is equally changed as is the â€Å"world of work† by technology. By telling a story about how communication technologies have changed the lives and behaviors of the members of an imaginary family, English-Lueck (1998) has asked the question what impact these communication devices have on community and family, and tried to answer it convincingly. English-Lueck (1998) has further explained how technologies changed the â€Å"work-home† dynamics and redefined â€Å"the scope of work.† Problamitizing the responses of interviewees that what made a family was a context of doing things together, English-Lueck (1998) have concluded that it is action rather than a natural state of being that define cont emporary family, and that this action is often defined by the â€Å"devices that facilitate that action.† The consequences for the family, according to English- Lueck (1998) are, â€Å"colonization of home time by work†, creation of a problem of access between the members of the family, transformation of family into being viewed as a management issue by its members, creation of a â€Å"sense of street safety† for the members of a family, creation of gender stereotypes as well as gender role reversals, transformation of parental roles in terms of control etc. Also families belonging to certain cultures have been found to be

Research suggests comorbidity between dyslexia and dyscalulia. Discuss Essay

Research suggests comorbidity between dyslexia and dyscalulia. Discuss in light or recent research and examine the implications - Essay Example Beyond arithmetic difficulties, the abstract nature of mathematics means that dyscalculia sufferers can also have difficulty in spatial reasoning, and with comprehension of time. As mathematical reasoning is used in so many situations, it is important for educators to understand that management of dyscalculia is important for the individual in later life. As with many of the other SpLDs, the difficulties that children have when facing dycalculia in an educational environment is that they will often not understand why they are struggling. Peers may also acknowledge their difficulties, which can lead to feelings of failure, anxiety and stress. For this reason, it is important for educators to understand the needs of those with dyscalculia, which can often be overshadowed by dyslexia. The purpose of this paper is to examine the current research and government recommendations on dyscalculia to ascertain the implications that this SpLD has on classroom practice. It will also cover the evi dence for comorbidity between dyslexia and dyscalculia, and how classroom practice should be altered to deal with individuals who have specific learning needs. What is dyscalculia? Dyscalculia is an important SpLD because it affects mathematical and spatial reasoning for the affected individual. This is despite the fact that an individual has had mathematical education, and may be developing normally in other areas. The UK parliament report on dyslexia and dyscalculia suggests that mathematical problems are more likely to affect people in adulthood because the effects of dyscalculia are more long-lasting and mathematical reasoning skills are more valued by employers Reed & Warner-Rogers, 2009. Dyscalculia does affect those with other learning difficulties and is prevalent in those with a low (intelligence quotient) IQ, but dyscalculia can affect a wide range of individuals across the spectrum Reed & Warner-Rogers, 2009. Like dyslexia and the other SpLDs, there is evidence that dysca lculia is highly heriditary and has a strong genetic component. Twin studies suggest that, where one twin has dyscalculia, there is a 70% likelihood that the other will also have the SpLD (). Although twins are likely to share a similar environment and educational history, many twin studies do take this into account, and there is evidence that only 55% of non-identical twins will share dyscalculia. Despite the fact that dyscalculia is thought to affect up to 7% of UK residents (), it is only recently that it has been properly acknowledged and thoroughly researched. Many of the options available for those with dyslexia (for example) are not available for those with dyscalculia. The British Dyslexia Association does provide information about dyscalculia but it does not currently have its own charitable support organization (). Government interventions for educators who are dealing with dyscalculia are fairly new, and based on recent research. However, dyscalculia is recognized as a sp ecial educational need and therefore there are guidelines provided for those in primary school, secondary school as well as guidelines and advice for adults Reed & Warner-Rogers, 2009. These will be covered in more detail throughout this essay, but it is important to acknowledge the influx of interest in dyscalculia, which suggests that it is an important and prevalent problem for many in the UK. Causes of Dyscalculia As previously mentioned, much

Stalinism and Leninism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stalinism and Leninism - Essay Example There is no generally accepted point of view. The adherents of the continuity theory believe that Stalinism was the direct continuation of Leninism whereas their opponents do not (Evans, 1993). Paradoxically but they use the same citations and rhetoric to approve their believes. Stalin was a deserving successor of his teacher and comrade thus many phenomena of Stalinism had their roots in the theoretical postulates proposed by Lenin. Such conceptual views like democratic centralism in the governing, expectation of international revolution, and single party rule (ibid) are characteristic both for Leninism and Stalinism. However some Stalin's contributions are distinctive of Lenin's views. Thus he supported thesis of the possibility to built socialism in one country, and developed the theory of "aggravation of the class struggle along with the development of socialism" (Stalin, 1933). The critics of Stalinism (e.g. Leon Trotsky and his followers) as well as the historians Discontinuity who support alternative theory argue that Stalinism discontinued the development of Lenin's ideas. Lenin proposed the rule of party and dictatorship of the revolutionary proletariat while Stalin replaced this thesis with the absolute power of party leader. Theoretical achievements of Stalin's works were non-significant thus Stalinism is more related to the style of governing than to true political theories (Fitzpatrick, 2000). Some researchers found the relation between the traditional Russian autocracy (Tzar's government) and Stalinism (Kotkin, 1997; McCauley, 2003). They consider that Stalin adopted traditions to the new ideology and built the cult of own person. Contrarily Lenin never emphasized his own role in the Bolsheviks party. Of course, many features of Stalinism could be linked to the trends occurred during Lenin's rule. Thus Red Terror developed the tools and infrastructure for the further repressions. Lenin wrote in 1917 "One out of every ten idlers will be shot on the spot". He gave hundreds orders for repressions and murders but he never use his weapon and deterrent against members of his party - they could be exiled from Russia but their lives were preserved. Nevertheless the idea of political control through terror is related Lenin. "It was Lenin who laid the police state foundations which made Stalin's monstrous feats technically possible" (Leggett, 1981, cited by D02C143HP, 2003). Stalin was not too liberal, he "killed more Communists than Hitler, Mussolini and Franco together. He destroyed Lenin's Bolshevik Party and murdered all its leaders" (Woods, 2004). During the "purges" thousands of people were expelled from the Bolshevik Party and then arrested, imprisoned or persecuted later. But the number of Stalinism victims was estimated at the millions. They put their lives to the basement of Soviet Empire and its leader, Stalin. There is interestingly that Lenin understood the dangerosity of his comrade, Stalin, for Bolshevik Party. He wrote in his Testament: "Comrade Stalin, having become General Secretary has immeasurable power concentrated in his hands, and I am not sure that he always knows how to use that power with sufficient control" (Lenin, 1922) Lenin and Stalin demonstrated different approaches in the economic policy of Communist State. Vladimir Lenin introduced the New Economic Policy and restored the agricultural and industrial

Advertising Manipulates And Persuading The Consumers Media Essay

Advertising Manipulates And Persuading The Consumers Media Essay The basic purpose of this paper is to understand the techniques used by advertisers, the propaganda they create and the real dangers they cause in modern society. Our argument is essentially unless people become aware, our society will change direction. A balanced view however cannot ignore the fact that people like to be in control of their thoughts.   Ads also give information about their products.  Some inform against disease risks, others are for humanitarian aid or for the Nations welfare but this kind of ads is not much prevalent. In the following pages, we will first look at what are the methods used by advertisers, how they manipulate dreams and yearnings; then we will turn back to the power and strategies of advertising which attract people with guilt complexes, emotional blockages and false ideas before finally examining the influences on children through various examples of commercial campaigns using transgression and appearance. The main goal of advertising is to demonstrate in every ad that consumers have an important and interesting offer and the reason to buy a product. Advertising helps a product to be sold. If it is well advertised, people will be aware of a product and it will lead to an increase in sales. Moreover, with a well marketed ad, it is easier for consumers to understand the benefits of a product and where to find it. Furthermore, people will save time and money instead of trying every kind of product. Companies use different ways to help sell and identify a product with for example, slogans which are used over and over. Advertising is aimed at people who are loyal customers. For example, make-up and beauty products are targeted at women while razors and brief-boxers are targeted at men. Slogans like Its the real thing. Coke by Coca-Cola (Bovà ©e, Thill, Dovel, and Wood 680), or Because Im worth it by lOreal but also Just do it by Nike help consumers to recognize companies. When people see t he Nike symbol, they know what to expect. Nike introduce of the best athletes in their ads and it feels to the viewers a great satisfaction, that is why they want to buy sportswear to be like Zinedine Zidane, Usain Bolt etc. Advertisers create strong, persuasive and lasting symbols. However, these repetitive slogans lead to a ballyhoo and it gets into everybody, people are no longer interested by the quality of the product but they are only focus on the brand. Sut Jhally, in the film The Ad and the Ego, said that symbolism is never natural, it is tied up with power. Advertising plays a positive key role in many aspects; it also helps health care organizations, charitable organizations and social activist groups encourage people to give money, to do voluntary work, or vote to change laws (Day 34). Agreed, but is it the good way to ask some help by broadcasting or others ads? For example, charitable organizations like Amnesty International reach out to their audience by commercials, m agazine ads. These ads help consumers to become more aware of problems and that each coin is important, as well as all the support they can give. Should not these organizations directly go and see people, be attractive, organize meetings? Another example is ads made by government for road safety but it does not mean that there are less accidents. We can also watch ads to join the army, but is a thirty second clip make people really want to join military services? We could not ignore that advertising has various negative aspects. In this paper we will focus on the methods used by advertisers, we will bring to light propaganda and underline ballyhoo to understand what has changed in consumers behaviours in the contemporary society. We will debate on what are the real goals of advertising and why it leads to a kind of corruption. The number of advertisements, exposed daily to Americans, has soared over the last few decades. Studies reveal that people see three thousands ads per day. Advertising is omnipresent, at the service station, at cinema, in toilet or during sports events, we have now two ads breaks during a film on television. Even space is not sheltered from marketing. The Russian space program has launched a rocket on which was painted a Pizza Hut logo, and some companies have even explored the possibility of putting ads in space that we could see from the earth. People are clearly obsessed by advertising. When we speak about propaganda, people tend to think of Hitlers and Stalines massacres but in this essay we point out the ways of which companies try to encourage people to buy products. They persuade people about the truth of an idea, the quality and the appropriateness (Propaganda and Persuasion: Misuse of Language and Meaning) of a product, why these shoes are better than the other ones. Propaga nda is not a simple form of communication; indeed, it is directional because people buy products to be in vogue, and it is also emotional because advertising directly appeals to human feelings, we will precisely examine it in the second part of this essay. This famous George Orwells statement Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past. show the relations between symbolism and power of advertising. Who choices and controls symbolisms? What are the strategies used by advertisers? Bandwagon is a common technique, it is an appeal to join the crowd because others are doing things which are victorious, that is the winning side. If someone do not that, he will be left out. For example, on TV ads, we see that everyone enjoys playing football because they wear the same tee-shirts, so we jump on the bandwagon and buy this tee-shirt. Another kind of propaganda, named testimonial, is used when a famous person is connected with an item Eight out of ten women artists recommend Chanels perfume. The next type is transfer, when the quality of the product is associated with the user. Then, we study repetition; it isnt just the apparition of the logo which works, it is the repetition of this same logo over and over which hypnotize us and force us to consume things we dont really need. As Chris McLean says, the products that stand out and say buy me, are ones that carry a logo that has been repeated to us time and time before. This sort of advertising just doesnt randomly occur. Finally, we insist on the glittering generalities which are positive meanings highly valued, which make us believe that if we buy a product our life will change. Advertisers try to gather all of theses types of propaganda to make successful ads. The challenge is not to create works of literary merit, but to meet advertising objectives. This does not mean that copywriting is not an art, however, it is simply art in pursuit of a business goal (Bovà ©e, Thill, Dove l, and Wood, 676). Unfortunately, business goal makes sense with money, and the different methods used by advertisers lead to a societys perversion in order to make profit. We can call that a brainwashing, all mankind are bewitched in a wave of advertising and it has changed consumers behavior. They linger over some headlines, some slogans or labels that serve as the come-on to get them to stop turning the page and check out ads (Bovà ©e, Thill, Dovel, and Wood, 677). The TV world becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy: the mass mind takes shape, its participants acting according to media-derived impulses and believing them to be their own personal volition arising out of their own desires and needs. In such a situation, whoever (advertisers) controls the screen controls the future, the past, and the present (Nelson 82). We have seen that advertisers use various strategies to persuade people buying products, we will now outline that people are  attracted by false  ideas and   hav e  guilt complexes and  emotional blockages, advertising influences  peoples behavior by manipulating dreams and yearnings. To support our argument, we will refer to a quotation of Northrop Frye who said that advertising is a judicious mixture of flattery and threats. Herbert Krugman noted, in a research based on the brains survey, that viewers are in an hypnotic state and mostly in trance, they were getting their beta-endorphine fix. Advertisers take hold on consumers minds, they tug at their psycho ­logical shirtsleeves and slow them down long enough for a word or two about whatever is being sold (Fowles 658). They try to draw attention to a picture, a slogan, a song by giving form to peoples deep-lying desires, and picturing states of being that individuals privately yearn for (Fowles 658). explained that the function of a display in the store is to recall the consumers experience of the product in the commercial. You dont ask for a product, the product asks for you! That is, a persons recall of a commercial is evoked by the product itself, visible on a shelf or island display, interacting with the s tored data in his brain. People in modern society no longer takes time to think about a product, its usefulness, interest that it will bring. They are enrolled in the consumer society, they go in search of having the most possible clothing, perfumes or cars. Society became too materialistic, does happiness happen with the possession of more goods? Before, people preferred having a simple life, spending weekend in the countryside, fishing, without luxurious cars and a bling-bling lifestyle but advertising pushes them into enjoying the material pleasures of a modern, technological society (Bovà ©e and Arens 687). It can be argued that there is a relationship between the Marshall McLuhans continuous pressure and the belief in the power of advertising to control customers against their will, an attitude that consumers simply have no freedom of choice when confronted with advertising persuasion (Bovà ©e and Arens 687). Emotional appeals add up to the manipulation of consumers. The use of subconscious appeals is designed to stimulate subrational impulses and desires, even if they are unacknowledged by their possessor (Fowles 659). Fowles demonstrated that ads can be classified in fifteen groups according to the appeals they communicate and he explained that his idea was inspired by Murrays list which grouped a full taxonomy of needs. In every ads we watched, we are brought face to face with appeals, there are many needs that appeal to our psychology. For example, the need to nurture corresponds to maternal instincts, each time we see something cute, precious (Fowles 664) like a child or a kitten. Advertisers use affiliation to win affection of another (Fowles 662). When someone has the feeling to be protected by an image, that is need for guidance. The need for prominence and attention can be brought together because people want to be respected, to be highly esteemed by everyone. Beauty is attractive and gives us aesthetic sensations, we call it the beauty myth; W e will tell you what is beautiful and what isnt. Our products are what make people beautiful. To be happy you must be beautiful, and to be beautiful you must buy our clothing and cosmetics. Most people are not consciously aware they are commanded to buy some products. Stuart Ewen declared that it became the assumption that the way people are persuaded is to appeal to them on unconscious levels (The Ad and the Ego). He considered that the ultimate psychology is pavlovian because ads use communication strategies that create stimuli which make people respond in a manner similar to how Pavlovs dogs were trained to salivate at the mere ringing of a bell. Advertisers make ads in order to represent everyday life, to recall customers feelings, in that way people recognize themselves; they dont see this like advertising, but just like something that is done. We have been concentrated on the psychological approach through appeals and needs which surround us in various ads, through false ideas and dreams that are conveying and again this obsession of buying with the promise of greater status, greater social acceptance and greater sex appeal (Bovà ©e and Arens 686). Our discussion of the debate leads us to the next point, childrens manipulation. Each brand has strategies and, particularly, according to the audience targeted. Currently, pocket money of young people is a significant sum to investors. Moreover, young peoplehave a strong influence on parents. They are the consumers of tomorrow, that explains the investment of major brands for customer loyalty and make them become good consumers. So, that is why brands have to adhere to their valuesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹, use their tools and languages. As a result, children and adolescents are targeted aggressively by food advertisers, and are exposed to a growing and unprecedented amount of advertising, marketing, and commercialism through a wide range of channels. The principal goal of food advertising and marketing aimed at children is to influence brand awareness, brand preference, brand loyalty, and food purchases among youth (Food Advertising and Marketing Directed at Children and Adolescents in the US). Teenagers need to look like group members and if not the y are cast out. The youth do not see themselves survive without the favourite sneakers wore by the group they belong. Young people need to identify with themselves and brands know that. The best example is with De Von Dutch brand. There was no advertising and it has immediately been successful. The simple fact, that celebrities wear clothing, made its name. The brand had clinched a deal with Thierry Henry and Michael Young who were systematically wearing these clothes during meetings. It can be argued that brands make use of young people to sell their products. Advertising puts the sweet flavor forward in various products they offer to young people. It is not only found in food products but also in cigarettes, cosmetics, and especially in alcoholic beverages. This abundance of sugar has resulted in a consumption more and more important and it leads to obesity problem. To be among the few messages that do manage to gain access to minds, advertisers must be strategic, perhaps even a l ittle under ­handed at times (Fowles 658). During parties students, open bars, or ferias, brands are present in order to promote or to update new products. Internet is a very attractive medium for advertisers wishing to target children. It is in the youth culture because they are growing up in a world where the Internet plays a big part in everyday life. Parents do not understand the scope of the solicitation to which their children are exposed on the Internet. At each new tab opened, an advertisement is displayed on the screen, young people are forced to pay attention. Children are often alone without parental supervision. Unlike other broadcast media, Internet advertising is not controlled. It facilitates the collection of personal information about young people and it allows to target individually children through personalized messages. It is difficult for adolescents to develop healthy attitudes about sexuality and body image when many of advertisements are filled with thin, fit, beautiful and very sexually attractive people. It can be seen that there is a link between sex appeal, physical attractiveness, popularity, success and happiness. Fashion designers like Calvin Klein, Guess resort to aggressive campaigns involving young people. These ads sell more than clothes, they also sell adult sexuality. The tobacco and alcohol industries target young people in advertisements giving an impression of being cool, independent. The Marlboro Man (696 Marlboro), with his image of independence and autonomy, struck a responsive chord among adolescent males (Advertising and Marketing Directed at Children and Adolescents in the US). Marketers publish advertisements in magazines mostly read mostly by teenagers and place advertisements near schools, on billboards, in bus shelters. They make smoking favourite of young people. They sponsor concerts and sporting events and broadcast their ads during programs listened by young people. Because marketing to children and adolescents has become so pervasive, many child advocates and media experts believe that such marketing constitutes an escalating public health problem. The intense marketing of high fat, high sugar foods, tobacco, alcohol, to young children can be considered as exploitation because they do not understand that adverts are designed to sell products and can not comprehend or evaluate advertising (Advertising and Marketing Directed at Children and Adolescents in the US). The purpose of advertising is to persuade, and young children have few defenses against such advertising. Older children and teens can be manipulated by the strong emotive messages in advertisements. (Strasburger 186). To conclude, it is necessary to remind Carrie Snows quote, who said, Advertising degrades the people it appeals to; it deprives them of their will to choose. The present study was designed to show that advertising made change peoples behaviors because it is manipulative. One of the more significant findings to emerge from this paper is that advertisers use strategies in order to take control of consumers minds to increase sales. It is a matter of money. Advertisers are conscious of peoples emotionalism and trifle with them. We have seen that marketers have various tactics to make believe that consumers need a product. Unfortunately, people are ignorant toward the control. That is why advertisers take advantage of it since the earliest years; children are under a persisting pressure and are influenced to eat more sugar, smoke more cigarettes and buy more shoes. Generally, people want to have a great social status, to be fashionable, they want to feel respected. An obvious solution to the problem highlighted in this paper would be to protect from commercial influences that may adversely impact people health, and that as a society that values man, there should be greater social responsibility for their present and future health (Food Advertising and Marketing Directed at Children and Adolescents in the US). The limitations of this study are clear, advertising has also benefits. However exploratory, this study may offer some insight into the current society in which we are living. Despite his limitations, this study does suggest that people ought to stand back from ads they see every day and understand that it is a trap to make them consume again and again.

Summary of the Bell Jar :: essays research papers

Esther Greenwood, a college student from Massachusetts, traveled to New York to work on a magazine for a month as a guest editor. Esther knows she should be having the time of her life, but she feels like she is in a living nightmare. The execution of the Rosenbergs worries her, and this is what triggers the bell jar closing in on Esther and covering her view on life. When she goes home, she finds that she is in more of a nightmare. She tries to cut her wrists, but cannot. She tries to hang herself, but cannot find a place to hang the rope. In a desperate attempt to end her life she takes a large amount of sleeping pills and hides in a crawl space in her basement. But, she survives and awakes in a hospital. She remains uncooperative until Philomena Guinea, a wealthy woman who also gave Esther her college scholarship, pays for Esther to go into a private hospital. Esther improves slowly, she also meets Joan, who is a lesbian. When Esther finds out Joan’s sexuality, she finds Joan to be repulsive. Joan seems to be improving like Esther, but she commits suicide. Esther left the mental hospital in time to start the winter semester at college. She believed that she had regained a grasp on sanity, but knows that the bell jar of her madness could descend again at any time. Esther Greenwood is the protagonist and narrator of The Bell Jar. I find her extremely unique because of her view on life, the way that she thinks of people and how life works is very curious. Esther feels as if no one in the world understands her and is very selfish. During most of the book, no matter where Esther goes, she exists in the hell of her own mind. She seemed trapped inside herself, with no external existence, no matter how new and exciting, nothing could change how she felt.