Wakaru in Translation

The Japanese word  wakaru,  pronounced wah-kah-roo, is translated to mean to understand,  to see, or to follow. Japanese Characters 分㠁‹ã‚‹ ã‚ Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€¹ Example Kantanna mondai datta node, kotae ga suguni wakatta.ç ° ¡Ã¥ ËœÃ£  ªÃ¥â€¢ Ã© ¡Å'㠁  Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£  ®Ã£  §Ã£â‚¬ Ã§ ­â€Ã£ Ë†Ã£ Å'㠁™ã  Ã£  «Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã£  £Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š Translation:  Since it was an easy question, I was able to tell the answer right away.

the effects of divorce on children and adolescents Essay...

The effects of Divorce on Children and adolescents Divorce or the parent separation is a major life change for the children and can lead to dreadful consequences. Divorce affects children and adolescents negatively, from different aspects resulting from the change in their family and the multiple stressors that they are facing. The Psychological, educational, emotional and social effects of divorce can be really devastating for both parent and children. Children and adolescents have different ways of dealing with divorce, which reveal their emotions and feelings towards their parent separation. Divorce has a negative effect on the psychological and emotional aspect. Children and†¦show more content†¦Fegan(1999) reports that Dealing with their friends as the same way before divorce is a rare, they tend to isolate themselves from people around them. Moreover their behavior within the class changes they turn to be more disobedient and also deal with their conflicts with people physically (by hitting them or throwing stuff at them†¦. etc.) . also their behavior around the people they live with change , they use inappropriate language and tend to be as stubborn as possible. The negative effect that divorce has on the social aspect regarding children and adolescents. Fegan(1999) reports that they have difficulties in socializing with their friends , parents and their relationship partners. The lack ack of trust is also a negative effect resulting from divorce which can lead to having hard time establishing an intimate relationship later on .O’Connell Corcoran (1997) reports that they feel abandoned and that their parents are not available to them any more which leads to the independent urgency. Moreover their social environment keeps on decreasing due to the fear of being left out and abandoned. They also tend to make their own decision as for challenging and competing with their parents. Patrick Fagan (1999) states â€Å"Poor social skills, characterized by aversive or coercive interaction styles, lead directly to rejection by normal peers† the fear of being left and theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Divorce On Children And Adolescents1945 Words   |  8 PagesDefining the Issue Throughout this paper, the impact of divorce as it relates to delinquency among children and adolescents will be discussed at length. From the judicial perspective, divorce is the legal dissolving of a relationship, and the removal of one parent from another (Dhungana Sainju, 2016). Divorce not only effects the parents and the children, but has the ability to effect the criminal justice system as well (Dhungana Sainju, 2016). The high number of divorced familiesRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Adolescent Development Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesof marriage by court called divorce. 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These factors most likely lead to divorce. Divorce perpetually deteriorates the family and the relationship between children and parents. It can lead to negative effects of the familyRead MoreThe Effects of Unconventional Guardians on the Behavior of Adolescents900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Unconventional Guardians on the Behavior of Adolescents We live in a society in which the unconventional or non-traditional family has become more or less the social norm. More and more households are divided or consist of blended families, single parents, gay and lesbian couples, etc., and it can have a major effect on the behavior of youth of today. A predominant factor in all of this is the incidence of divorce. Two people get married too early and decide to have children, thenRead MoreEssay on Effects of Divorce on a Child1464 Words   |  6 PagesDivorce is a very common word in todays society. According to the American Heritage Dictionary, divorce is the legal dissolution of a marriage or a complete or radical severance of closely connected things(Pickett, 2000). This dissolution of marriage has increased very rapidly in the past fifty years. In 1950 the ratio of divorce to marriage was one in every four; in 1977 that statistic became one in two. Currently one in every two first marriages results in divorce. In second marriage s that

Churches do to become a better reflection of Christianity Free Essays

We must acknowledge that as a church, we need to become better. Unless we admit that we need to improve, we will never strive to be a better reflection of Christianity. As a church, we should help each other point out what is causing our weaknesses and shortcomings in unity and in humility. We will write a custom essay sample on Churches do to become a better reflection of Christianity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Never be content. Seek for improvement on a regular basis. As a diverse group with collective beliefs, how can we work as united Christians? What can we do to be a better brother or sister to our fellow church members? How can we help our neighbors? What can we do for our community? How can we show non-believers that the Christian life Is the life they should follow? How can we be a better reflection of our church and of Christianity? These are some questions that we should ask together and seek the answers, together. When outsiders and non-believers see that we are united, they too shall witness God’s love that binds us Christians as one big church, one big family. ) â€Å"Sadly, without the atmosphere of revival, many Christians lapse into something inferior to the Christian norm. Christian culture declines. (Towns, peg 131) Towns pointed out that with the absence of the atmosphere of revival, Christians fall out of the Christian path. My question is: why must revival end? This is a common mistake most churches do. As soon as the mission was fulfilled, we walk away thinking that what we had started/had Just revived will flourish on its own. My challenge, therefore, is continuous revival. Pursue revival not only to the outsiders, non-believers and the n est that have left the Christian path, but also within the people of our church. When a farmer plants his crops, he does not leave it to tend on its own, he will continue visiting his crops, trim the weeds that surround it, water the plants, and make sure that it has what it needs to grow and thrive. We are like the farmer, and our church is our crop, we are responsible for the growth and progress of our Christian community. We should never cease reviving our church or our community. If we keep that light burning, we will be able to keep our church inspired in working together to be better Christians and followers of Jesus Christ. How to cite Churches do to become a better reflection of Christianity, Papers

Trade Unions free essay sample

Introduction Over the years a number of theorists have attempted to explain union action and behaviour. The trade unions were formed during the period of rise and growth in capitalism. Capitalism is characterised by exploitation of workers, low wages inequality, this ideology is seen as beneficial to the economy. The trade union as a revolutionary agency will be discussed. Different interpretations of Lenin and Trotsky will critically analyse trade unions as revolutionary agencies. To fully comprehend this essay you need to understand why trade unions developed. Unions developed as means of redressing the imbalance of power between workers and employers, whereas workers had virtually no power as individuals, through a collective organization their influence was considerably increased (Giddens: 2006,754). Trade unions occurred in the capitalist system because of the polarity of social classes and social stratification, which consisted of those whom own the means of production and the labours. All this exploitation resulted in social inequality which made people aware of social consciousness. Aim of revolution The aim of the revolution was to create socialism, which is a world wide classless society based on the common ownership and democratic control of the means of producing the distributing wealth (Ross:1998,175). For Marx the central feature of socialism is that work would no longer be monotonous drudgery (Kelly: 1988,10). Here the individual will only be recognized just as another tool in the production process. The bourgeoisie regard their system as eternal, not subject to fundamental change. This differs radically from Marxism, which teaches us that capitalism is a transitory social formation. Like feudalism and slavery, it will have to give way to a higher form of society. The bourgeoisie cannot be given an objective assessment of the real trends in capitalist society. Everything they do is calculated to serve self-interest for the most malicious type. Emergence of trade unions Trade unions did not instantaneously occur as a strong force but it was assisted by the First International. Like any other movement trying to onvey a point or create change it needed guidance and coordination this is where the First International comes into play. According to Kelly Under the guidance of Marx and Engles, it devoted much of its time and resources to assisting trade union economic and political struggles throughout Europe (1988,21). Economic and political struggle Many economist believed that trade union economic struggle would of itself develop revolutionary class consciousness a nd improve the condition of the working class (Kelly: 1988,29). Therefore economist believed that if trade unions strike and fight for things of monetary value e. g. wages that their conditions would increase. Lenin argued this, he insisted that economic struggle alone could not possible bring significant improvement in the working class. He argued that economic and political struggle cannot be separated. According to Kelly The economic struggle develops the workers political consciousness and spurs the workers on to think of state political questions (1988,29). This is because if the workers are constantly fighting with the capitalists this would bring them in conflict with the capitalist system and the workers could only be political and economically set free and achieve their goals only through exerting they influence in the political system. In a capitalist system the bourgeoisie who are the owners of the means of production determine the political system which is in their interests. It is important to note that even though the workers standards of living may slightly increase, economic improvement, their social position declines. Therefore an economic struggle was not sufficient to completely change the problems that the working class was experiencing. An example of this is South African trade unions due to their persistence of improving employees working conditions they have impacted the political system this is through laws and employee rights been incorporated in the legislation such as employment equity act. Dynamics of class consciousness Class consciousness was vital in achieving a counter- revolution in this case from a capitalist to a socialist system. Lenin argued that revolutionary class consciousness cannot develop out of spontaneous economic struggles of trade unions, but must be brought to the working class form outside the sphere of production relations, by intellectuals drawn mainly from the bourgeois intellengista (Kelly:1988,29). This indicates that Lenin had little regard for the workers, the consciousness had to be brought from outside, the workers were incapable of developing their own ideology. In spite of this Lenin saw a need for trade unions. According to Kelly Lenin did in fact defend the necessity for independent trade union to protect workers against abuse and exploitation and opposed those who saw no role fro trade unions in a socialist society. (1988:30). Trade unions are necessary a prime example would be the numerous people in China who work in sweat shops for multi-national corporations. These people are being severely exploited. They work under poor working conditions and are used as cheap labour for companies such as Nike if trade unions were present this severity of exploitation would not occur. Engels disagreed with Lenin he saw trade unions as playing a potentially revolutionary role; no matter how limited their activities were, they attacked the very basis of capital accumulation. As indicated previously that class consciousness needed to be directed by intellectuals, these are people who had a greater understanding of class consciousness, and socialist ideologies. This indicates only through proper leadership can a groups goals be achieved, this Is because people need to be directed, it is essential for any group especially a large group such as workers they need controlled leadership. Lenin states that the working class a spontaneous and they need help in form of education and guidance (Kelly:1988,30). Therefore the stable leaders are able to maintain continuity of the party since it their profession to be revolutionaries. An importantly the revolutionaries are professionally trained they will be more difficult to catch the organization. A prime an example of this is South Africas democracy political leaders such as Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu and Chris Hani fought for black liberation in the struggle against apartheid continuously until it democracy was achieved. Non whites where rioting but without these leaders continuous dedication and direction their efforts would have been insignificant. Another feature of a trade union Is freeriding. This is where people may gain the benefits of joining a union without joining it if they union already enjoys widespread support (ClarkeClements:1978:20). Many join the union for the benefits but don not participate but if everybody decides to freeride the union will soon collapse. Therefore trade unions need leadership because of such things otherwise it will collapse. Lenin ushered in something new not only into the Russian, but into the international labor movement as well. For Lenin the trade unions were a part of a mechanism. According to Kelly for class consciousness a revolutionary party was necessary to educate the workers and instil in the a realisation of their true interests. (1988,34). In one of For him the trade unions were of value only if they were imbued with the Communist spirit. To saturate the unions with a Communist ideology, Lenin was an outstanding political thinker. He knew how to manoeuvre with millions, how to direct millions into the struggle, he correctly estimated the role and the tasks of the trade unions and was instrumental in making the Russian trade union movement play an exceptional role in the shaping of the trade union movement of all countries. Trotsky Epoch imperialism results in trade union organizations in the entire world drawing closely to and growing together with the state power. This process is equally characteristic of the neutral, the Social-Democratic, the Communist and anarchist trade unions. This fact alone shows that the tendency towards growing together is intrinsic not in this or that doctrine as such but derives from social conditions common for all unions. (). Therefore the trade unions are becoming semi-state institutions. There exists this false impression that the workers have an influence in the economic system therefore the state has more control over trade unions and it reinforces its ideology of capitalism. Trade Union bureaucracy Troksty placed great emphasis on the role of he bureaucracy in retarding revolutionary trade union struggle and consciousness. According to Trotsky It is thanks to the trade union bureaucracy that the whole structure of capitalism now stands upright. (Kelly:1988,142). Bureaucracy is characterized by a hierarchical top down and depersonalized structure, it relies too much on written rules and does not allow for flexibility. Therefore the workers would have very little say. Weber believes that democratic representation are closely related to the rise of the bureaucracy (ClarkeClemont:1978,23). Bureaucracy is important because if there are leaders in place individual accountability will be reduced. In becoming bureaucrats, leaders are distanced for the grassroots; because of their organizational power, they able to resist challenges to their leadership and become a semi permanent elite. Michels referred to this process as the iron law of oligarchy. (Clarke Clements:1978,24). Therefore what would develop is a clear distinct separation between the leaders and the trade union members. Trotsky believed that the economy was ready for a revolution and the masses were politically active, conscious and unified or would become so under the impact of economic crisis and revolutionary propaganda. Kelly:1988, 43). Trade unions should have realised by coming together as masses they have greater power and could create a counter revolution instead of being organs of the state. If all the trade unions decided to strike and stop work, production would stop since there are indispensible in the production process and they would be able to enforce their demands through this action. In imperialism capitalism can maintain itself only by lowering living standards of the working class. According to Trotsky under imperialism capitalism trade union can either transform into revolutionary organisation or become lieutenants of capital in the intensified exploitation of the workers and the trade union bureaucracy took the second path (Kelly:1988,45). Therefore trade unions cease being trade unions in imperialist epoch. In other words the trade union cannot be part of democracy, they can no longer remain politically neutral and they cannot adequately serve the needs of the working class with the influence of the state. Transitional demands Trotskys most interesting contribution to the study of trade unionism was his theory of transitional demands as raising class consciousness. From the non achievement of the workers basic demands, workers were supposed to refrain if the system could not meet their demands, then let it perish (Kelly:1988, 47). Therefore workers would ask for unreasonable demands under the capitalism system such as a 15 percent wage when they are fully aware this is impossible therefore the industry would have to meet their demands or they would strike which would result in a halt in productivity. These demands, as we have seen, are designed not to be achievable under capitalism their purpose is to effect a break with capitalism and provide a transition to socialist revolution. (Kelly:1988, 47). Transitional demands as Trotsky refers to them, basically act as a bridge between answering the immediate problems of working people and the socialist transformation of society, the ultimate solution to all the separate issues. This is because many workers would want their immediate problems addressed and would see the idea of socialism irrelevant if their immediate concerns werent being addressed. For Trotsky it went without saying that an adequate class consciousness and an adequate level of organisation would emerge as soon as the economic levels of the working class grew Criticisms The first problem with Trotskys idea that arises from transitional demands, it did not occur to him that the historical process and political-economic institutions in which this new working class was being formed and its practical experiences would be equally essential factors in a counter revolution.

The Old Man and the Sea An Example of the Typical Hemingway Essay Essay Example

The Old Man and the Sea: An Example of the Typical Hemingway Essay Paper Ernest Miller Hemingway was one of the most celebrated American writers because of his simple manner yet complex psychological analysis. The Old Man and the Sea is merely one illustration of this typical Hemingway manner. The novelette won the Pulitzer in 19 53 and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 19 54. It has remained popular since the publication in 19 52 because of its timeless subjects of battle and endurance. The narrative starts out with the supporter. Santiago who is an aged fisherman. holding an drawn-out tally of bad fortune. It is told in 3rd individual all-knowing point of position so that while entirely. the protagonist’s ideas and feelings can be revealed. Santiago is a character who has lost his married woman and is improbably hapless. Sympathy for him is established from the beginning. He has been a fisherman from a little small town near Havana. Cuba all of his life and he carries deep inside of himself an infinite hope that his accomplishments are ace and that his fortune will shortly alter. Hemingway was besides a fisherman. In all actuality. he was many things. a soldier. newsman. huntsman. pugilist. and lover of the out-of-doorss. Like Santiago. he was besides aging at the clip he wrote the book. We will write a custom essay sample on The Old Man and the Sea: An Example of the Typical Hemingway Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Old Man and the Sea: An Example of the Typical Hemingway Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Old Man and the Sea: An Example of the Typical Hemingway Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He had begun to see in himself the depredations that clip takes on a organic structure. particularly on 1 that has been pushed to the bound many times. Hemingway had lost four married womans. but to disassociate alternatively of decease. Santiago has a comrade. Manolin. but his parents order him to discontinue Santiago and his boat for one that is more successful. Manolin wants to stay loyal to Santiago. but is forced by a higher power to make otherwise. This leads to Santiago’s isolation. Hemingway was a adult male who sporadically imposed isolation on himself. It could hold perchance been the isolation that was the clip for his originative mastermind to work. He resided in Cuba for a figure of old ages before Castro came to power. So he knew that the sea could be a topographic point for solidarity. It seemed like the perfect scene for the narrative of Santiago and his fishing escapade. â€Å"Jolting† Joe DiMaggio is Santiago’s hero. It is of import that he read the baseball scores every twenty-four hours. DiMaggio. whose male parent had been a fisherman. had overcome a heal goad that would hold crippled many others. but he went on to hold a successful calling. Santiago greatly admires DiMaggio’s bravery and finding. Hemingway believed that bravery was man’s greatest property. The celebrated â€Å"Hemingway Code† is that work forces must expose bravery. finding. and a since of escapade. The codification gets its name from the qualities that Hemingway embodied. Santiago’s dreams play an of import function in the narrative. At dark he has a repeating dream about king of beastss playing on the beaches of Africa. He no longer dreamed of storms. nor of adult females. nor of great happenings. nor of great fish. nor battles. nor competitions of strength. nor of his married woman. He merely dreamed of topographic points now and of the king of beastss on the beach. They played like immature cats in the twilight and he loved them as he loved the male child. ( Hemingway. Ch. 1 ) He had seen this scene when he was a immature boat while on a ship off the shore. The dream ties Santiago’s young person with his aged nowadays. Africa was a favourite topographic point for Hemingway. Safaris were a changeless pleasance in his life. Hunting large game was his darling interest. It takes bravery and finding to confront the game that he did even with a arm. It was the since of escapade that he lived for and added to his celebrity. There was something about the freedom and power of the king of beastss that gave Santiago pleasance and peace. The king of beasts is a marauder as Hemingway felt that adult male was besides a marauder. However. they both had another side. 1 that could be playful and loving. As Santiago departs on the sea. he becomes one with it. He considers the fish his friends and he likens his relationship with the sea to that of a adult female who is non in control of herself. He chooses the escapade of rowing to the Gulf Stream alternatively of remaining within sight of the shore. This action takes him out further that he had of all time been earlier and foreshadows his battles in the sea. He is after a marlin to interrupt his run of bad fortune. He knows that it will be hard without any aid. but that is portion of the challenge. He catches two tunas to utilize for come-on. Merely so the austere line came tight under his pes. where he had kept the cringle of the line. and he dropped his oars and felt the weight of the little tuna’s shuddering pull as he held the line house and commenced to hale it in. The shuddering increased as he pulled in and he could see the bluish dorsum of the fish in the H2O and the gold of his sides before he swung him over the side and into the boat. He lay in the after part in the Sun. compact and slug shaped. his large. stupid eyes gazing as he thumped his life out against the planking of the boat with the speedy chill shots of his neat. fast-moving tail. The old adult male hit him on the caput for kindness and kicked him. his organic structure still shivering. under the shadiness of the after part. ( Ch. 2 ) It was a determination that one would anticipate Hemingway to do. He would hold faced the bravery that it would take to confront the power of the sea and the marlin with an aging organic structure. Santiago hooks a marlin that is so big he can non draw it into the boat on his ain. He is determined to catch the fish regardless of what it takes from him. The marlin is the largest 1 that he has of all time seen. The marlin symbolizes the perfect opposition. It is big. strong. and will besides contend for his life. He pulls the boat out even farther into the sea. and Santiago sees the visible radiations of Havana disappear into the distance. This action symbolizes the sloughing of modernisation and the things of human sort. Santiago must now confront his opposition with merely himself. Hemingway would encompass this quality of courage in any adult male particularly in an aging one. Santiago must trust on his monolithic cognition of the sea for endurance. He must look to his natural milieus and find the information that is to maintain him alive. He understands the sea so good because he is non simply a fisherman who has fished for money. but he has learned great lessons from his instructor. the sea and all of its residents. Santiago uses flashback to retrieve an earlier clip when he caught a female marlin. and how her male opposite number was so grieved that he follows the boat in mourning. It is so we see that. harmonizing to Hemingway. adult females lead to grief. Santiago could non maintain the image of his married woman on the wall because it made him excessively heartbroken. Hemingway did non let adult females a outstanding and positive topographic point in his literature. This was due to the fact that his experiences with adult females were negative. His ain female parent was cruel to the immature male child and even made him dress in female vesture. Hemingway even resented his male parent for non standing up for him. His first love was Agnes Von Kurowsky. a nurse he met after he was wounded in World War I. After a brief love affair. Agnes rejected the immature Hemingway. It broke his bosom and he neer genuinely travel over the experience. He so proceeded to get married four times. The first three matrimonies ended in acrimonious divorces. It was non until subsequently in life that he would run into his last married woman. Mary Welsh. and so he would happen felicity with a adult female. By the following forenoon. Santiago has earnestly hurt his left manus. He so uses his dorsum to keep onto the fish. Even though he is in tormenting hurting. he continues to keep to the fish. Hemingway besides knew great hurting in his life. At 19. he was wounded in Italy during World War I. He took many pieces of shrapnel to the leg. Most were removed. but the hurt left him in hurting for the remainder of his life. He besides suffered greatly from hurts suffered from a plane clang in 19 54. He was left with an injured lien. a concussion. and he was blind in his right oculus. His wellness deteriorated quickly and he was neer in good physical status after the clang. Santiago besides feels that the hurting that he endures makes him a worthy opposition for the great marlin. He can non assist but chew over the thought that whoever purchases the marlin one time he gets it back to shore will non be worthy to eat it and does non merit to have the marlin. This is dry because for Santiago to supply such a great fish would be an award for him. Santiago is largely characterized by his ideas and actions. He is a deep thought adult male even though he is officially uneducated. However. his cognition of the sea and endurance on the sea is huge. He is resourceful in that he can last with the stuffs that he has with him. Santiago eats his come-on fish and uses his oar as a arm. Even though he is the marauder of the marlin. he is respectful of it and all of his natural milieus. Even though Santiago is non a spiritual adult male. there is rather a spot of Christian spiritual symbolism in the novelette. The lone two images on the walls of Santiago’s hut were of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and one of the Virgin of Cobre. the patronne of Cuba. As stated earlier. he had taken down the image of his dead married woman because it was excessively painful for him to be reminded of her. It would look that the other two images were of import to him. He alludes to the crucifixion when he refers to his hurting as nails being driven through the custodies. Santiago is besides cut on both of his custodies. It was the markers of the manus that Jesus used to turn out to his adherent. Thomas that he was the risen Christ. The marlin. one time killed by Santiago is tied to the side of the boat. raising it up above the remainder of the fish. as Jesus was lifted on the cross. It is besides the blood of the marlin that attracts a followers of sharks merely as the blood of Christ attracts his followings. The 4th twenty-four hours Santiago eventually kills his marlin after a tough battle that has left him dog-tired. experiencing swoon. and seeing black musca volitanss. â€Å"I have neer seen or heard of such a fish. But I must kill him. I am glad we do non hold to seek to kill the stars. † Imagine if each twenty-four hours a adult male must seek to kill the Moon. he thought. The Moon runs off. . . . Then he was sorry for the great fish that had nil to eat and his finding to kill him neer relaxed in his sorrow for him. . . . There is no 1 worthy of eating him from the mode of his behaviour and his great self-respect. I do non understand these things. he thought. But it is good that we do non hold to seek to kill the Sun or the Moon or the stars. It is adequate to populate on the sea and kill our true brothers. ( Ch 3 ) He is winning. but admirations if it is he who killed the marlin or the marlin that has killed him. It is his lesions that allow him to cognize that the state of affairs is existent and he is decidedly alive. Then the fish came alive. with his decease in him. and rose high out of the H2O demoing all his great length and breadth and all his power and his beauty. He seemed to hang in the air above the old adult male in the skiff. Then he fell into the H2O with a clang that sent spray over the old adult male and over all of the skiff. ( Ch 4 ) The onslaught of the mako shark is lay waste toing to Santiago. It takes at least 40 lbs of meat from the marlin before Santiago can kill it with his harpoon. Unfortunately. the mako shark sinks with the harpoon stuck in it. This leaves Santiago unarmed far plenty out in the sea that he is defenceless. Now that the blood is fluxing quickly from the marlin. he knows that other sharks will follow. and he is right. It is non long before a brace of shovel-nose sharks arrive and get down to take their toll on the marlin. Santiago decides to bring forth a make-shift lance by attaching his knife to an oar. He skilfully kills the sharks. but does non believe that were worthy oppositions like the mako shark. More and more shovel-nose sharks are drawn by the marlin’s blood. Santiago fights them off losing his knife in the procedure. He is merely left with a nine. but he continued to contend. When it was all over. all he had left was the skeleton of the marlin. He feels that he was defeated or crucified. The suspense that Hemingway creates at this point in the narrative is unbelievable. It is unsure if Santiago will last or if he will decease as did the marlin. He stated that he and the marlin were one. and at this point there is small uncertainty that he will fall in the marlin in his destiny. In a surprise turn of destiny. Santiago does do it back place with a ravaged organic structure and weariness. He struggles to transport the skeleton of the marlin to his hovel. Once he makes it to his hovel. he collapses on his little bed with his weaponries outstretched like Christ during the crucifixion. He falls into a deep slumber. Manolin is surprised to happen Santiago in his bed the following forenoon. He notices the old man’s custodies and feels an huge sum of commiseration for him. The other fishermen notice the immense skeleton of the marlin. and they measure it to happen that it was 18 pess long. Manolin. who is in cryings. goes to acquire java for Santiago. When he returns he tells him of the hunt for him by the Coast Guard and how many thought that he was dead. Manolin now sees Santiago as a hero that he can look up to. He tells the aged adult male that he will work with him on his boat no affair what his parents say. He has seen the bravery that Santiago demonstrated. and now Manolin knows that if he could digest what he did. so he excessively can cite his bravery. Hemingway felt that work forces should lodge together to promote each other when it came to their bravery. Manolin went to acquire Santiago some nutrient and a newspaper. He knows that after his ordeal in the sea. he deserves it. Pedrico. the local coffeehouse proprietor. sends free nutrient to Santiago through Manolin. He so promises that he will give Pedrico that he can hold the caput of the marlin. Subsequently on that afternoon. some tourer mistook the skeletal marlin caput for a shark. They could non grok what the significance of the great fish had meant. Manolin so returns to the hovel and finds that Santiago has once more fallen asleep. He sits down and watches him dream about the king of beastss. From Manolin conveying the old adult male java to the old man’s return to kip to woolgather. one time once more. about the king of beastss. ( Ch 5 ) The drama of the ferocious king of beastss symbolizes contrasting forces. Santiago has learned that these forces are a natural portion of life. Even though he is an old adult male. he has come full circle and is linking with his young person. One of the major subjects of the novel is that there is honor in decease. a battle. and in licking if one gives it all that he has to the battle. Santiago struggles with the elements of nature. sea animals. and society during the whole novelette. He is ready to confront decease when he opposes the marlin and the sharks. The fact that he was confronting a worthy opposition made him experience that it was worthy of decease. It was a battle that would take to the decease of one or the other. Hemingway was non afraid to confront decease in the escapades. He faced danger in the ocean. on African campaign. and his determination to take his ain boat and freed the Plaza Hotel from the Germans during World War II. Pride is another major subject of the narrative. You did non kill the fish merely to maintain alive and to sell for nutrient. he thought. You killed him for pride and because you are a fisherman. You loved him when he was alive and you loved him after. If you love him. it is non a wickedness to kill him. Or is it more? ( Ch 4 ) Santiago takes pride in his fishing accomplishments and in his finding. When he successfully gimmicks and kills the marlin. he is proud of his achievement. Hemingway does non reprobate pride. He was proud of his achievements and saw no shame in it. The agony of adult male is besides a subject of the book. Suffering is a normal portion of life. Santiago goes through an utmost sum of hurting while on his fishing escapade. His dorsum and custodies take the worst of the harm. After he returned place. Manolin notices that his custodies are wholly mutilated custodies. He suffers the hurting of holding his award gimmick that he worked and sacrificed so much destroyed by the sharks. When the novelette opened. Santiago suffered the scolding of the other fishermen. He endures it with award. It was easy to see why this was the novel that won Hemingway the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize. The work embodied the author’s best work. It was a perfect illustration of how Hemingway was populating at the clip. and contained many of the lessons that he had learned about life.

Test your understanding of the text Essays - Julia, Free Essays

Test your understanding of the text Essays - Julia, Free Essays Test your understanding of the text 1. What does Michael say about the way accounts are kept in their theatre? they are kept very well they are kept in the same way as in other theatres they are in mess 2. What does Michael mean by the phrase the way some of those firms in the city keep their accounts is enough to turn your hair grey? some firms manage to keep their accounts in amazing order accounts at some firms are in an awful mess some firms pay severe penalties for disorder in their accounts 3. Julia believes that Michaels secretary knew him inside and out? she does not know him at all she is his lover she knows him very well 4. What does the word one stand for in the sentence below? but I can tell you it was a very different play we produced from the one the author submitted to us. play author theatre 5. What word(s) could you use instead of I dare say in the sentence below? If youre very nice to Julia I dare say shell give you a photograph of herself when you go. I have courage to say Im afraid to say I expect 6. Looking at the young mans hair Julia wished he made the most of it. What should he have done to his hair to make it look more attractive to Julia? had it cut short had it dyed had arranged it so as to show its beauty 7. What does but mean in the following sentence? I take care never to do anything but what I can do. unless except and 8. Julia was known for her velvet look. What kind of look is that? piercing soft frightening 9. The author says that Jimmie Langton looked like one of Rubens prosperous burghers. How should we picture him? lean robust businesslike 10. What is the function of would in the sentence below? He would skip about the stage on one leg... it denotes the characters typical behaviour it is a part of the Future-in-the-Past form it shows an unreal action 11. The author characterizes Jane Taitbout as a stagy actress. What does he imply? that Jane was a talented actress that Jane had a great experience of acting that Janes acting was unnatural 12. Jimmie Langton said that Julia had an indiarubber face. What do you think that means? her face could show any feeling or emotion her face was not particularly attractive she had dark complexion 13. In talking to Julia Jimmie Langton says 2Now lets come down to brass tacks. Does he mean that they should go to the races talk about the facts which are of fundamental importance? Go and listen to the brass orchestra? 14. When Michael says: Bricks without straw; thats what we actors are expected to make nowadays, does he mean that actors are expected to do a good job without the necessary materials? go into the construction industry? make a mess of their professional activity?

No Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

No Topic - Essay Example Parents rely on continuous monitoring of babies left in their cribs by twoway radio transmitters. Teens and fasttrackers everywhere, wouldnt leave home these days without packing their mobile telecommunications device, whether it be telephone handset, personal communicator device, or other gadget. The modern world increasingly is bent on staying in touch. By saying this, Molitor (2003) has focused his attention on only one aspect of the impact of communication technology on families. But English-Lueck (1998) has on the other hand approached the issue in its totality and drawn attention to how the â€Å"world of home† is equally changed as is the â€Å"world of work† by technology. By telling a story about how communication technologies have changed the lives and behaviors of the members of an imaginary family, English-Lueck (1998) has asked the question what impact these communication devices have on community and family, and tried to answer it convincingly. English-Lueck (1998) has further explained how technologies changed the â€Å"work-home† dynamics and redefined â€Å"the scope of work.† Problamitizing the responses of interviewees that what made a family was a context of doing things together, English-Lueck (1998) have concluded that it is action rather than a natural state of being that define cont emporary family, and that this action is often defined by the â€Å"devices that facilitate that action.† The consequences for the family, according to English- Lueck (1998) are, â€Å"colonization of home time by work†, creation of a problem of access between the members of the family, transformation of family into being viewed as a management issue by its members, creation of a â€Å"sense of street safety† for the members of a family, creation of gender stereotypes as well as gender role reversals, transformation of parental roles in terms of control etc. Also families belonging to certain cultures have been found to be

Research suggests comorbidity between dyslexia and dyscalulia. Discuss Essay

Research suggests comorbidity between dyslexia and dyscalulia. Discuss in light or recent research and examine the implications - Essay Example Beyond arithmetic difficulties, the abstract nature of mathematics means that dyscalculia sufferers can also have difficulty in spatial reasoning, and with comprehension of time. As mathematical reasoning is used in so many situations, it is important for educators to understand that management of dyscalculia is important for the individual in later life. As with many of the other SpLDs, the difficulties that children have when facing dycalculia in an educational environment is that they will often not understand why they are struggling. Peers may also acknowledge their difficulties, which can lead to feelings of failure, anxiety and stress. For this reason, it is important for educators to understand the needs of those with dyscalculia, which can often be overshadowed by dyslexia. The purpose of this paper is to examine the current research and government recommendations on dyscalculia to ascertain the implications that this SpLD has on classroom practice. It will also cover the evi dence for comorbidity between dyslexia and dyscalculia, and how classroom practice should be altered to deal with individuals who have specific learning needs. What is dyscalculia? Dyscalculia is an important SpLD because it affects mathematical and spatial reasoning for the affected individual. This is despite the fact that an individual has had mathematical education, and may be developing normally in other areas. The UK parliament report on dyslexia and dyscalculia suggests that mathematical problems are more likely to affect people in adulthood because the effects of dyscalculia are more long-lasting and mathematical reasoning skills are more valued by employers Reed & Warner-Rogers, 2009. Dyscalculia does affect those with other learning difficulties and is prevalent in those with a low (intelligence quotient) IQ, but dyscalculia can affect a wide range of individuals across the spectrum Reed & Warner-Rogers, 2009. Like dyslexia and the other SpLDs, there is evidence that dysca lculia is highly heriditary and has a strong genetic component. Twin studies suggest that, where one twin has dyscalculia, there is a 70% likelihood that the other will also have the SpLD (). Although twins are likely to share a similar environment and educational history, many twin studies do take this into account, and there is evidence that only 55% of non-identical twins will share dyscalculia. Despite the fact that dyscalculia is thought to affect up to 7% of UK residents (), it is only recently that it has been properly acknowledged and thoroughly researched. Many of the options available for those with dyslexia (for example) are not available for those with dyscalculia. The British Dyslexia Association does provide information about dyscalculia but it does not currently have its own charitable support organization (). Government interventions for educators who are dealing with dyscalculia are fairly new, and based on recent research. However, dyscalculia is recognized as a sp ecial educational need and therefore there are guidelines provided for those in primary school, secondary school as well as guidelines and advice for adults Reed & Warner-Rogers, 2009. These will be covered in more detail throughout this essay, but it is important to acknowledge the influx of interest in dyscalculia, which suggests that it is an important and prevalent problem for many in the UK. Causes of Dyscalculia As previously mentioned, much

Stalinism and Leninism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stalinism and Leninism - Essay Example There is no generally accepted point of view. The adherents of the continuity theory believe that Stalinism was the direct continuation of Leninism whereas their opponents do not (Evans, 1993). Paradoxically but they use the same citations and rhetoric to approve their believes. Stalin was a deserving successor of his teacher and comrade thus many phenomena of Stalinism had their roots in the theoretical postulates proposed by Lenin. Such conceptual views like democratic centralism in the governing, expectation of international revolution, and single party rule (ibid) are characteristic both for Leninism and Stalinism. However some Stalin's contributions are distinctive of Lenin's views. Thus he supported thesis of the possibility to built socialism in one country, and developed the theory of "aggravation of the class struggle along with the development of socialism" (Stalin, 1933). The critics of Stalinism (e.g. Leon Trotsky and his followers) as well as the historians Discontinuity who support alternative theory argue that Stalinism discontinued the development of Lenin's ideas. Lenin proposed the rule of party and dictatorship of the revolutionary proletariat while Stalin replaced this thesis with the absolute power of party leader. Theoretical achievements of Stalin's works were non-significant thus Stalinism is more related to the style of governing than to true political theories (Fitzpatrick, 2000). Some researchers found the relation between the traditional Russian autocracy (Tzar's government) and Stalinism (Kotkin, 1997; McCauley, 2003). They consider that Stalin adopted traditions to the new ideology and built the cult of own person. Contrarily Lenin never emphasized his own role in the Bolsheviks party. Of course, many features of Stalinism could be linked to the trends occurred during Lenin's rule. Thus Red Terror developed the tools and infrastructure for the further repressions. Lenin wrote in 1917 "One out of every ten idlers will be shot on the spot". He gave hundreds orders for repressions and murders but he never use his weapon and deterrent against members of his party - they could be exiled from Russia but their lives were preserved. Nevertheless the idea of political control through terror is related Lenin. "It was Lenin who laid the police state foundations which made Stalin's monstrous feats technically possible" (Leggett, 1981, cited by D02C143HP, 2003). Stalin was not too liberal, he "killed more Communists than Hitler, Mussolini and Franco together. He destroyed Lenin's Bolshevik Party and murdered all its leaders" (Woods, 2004). During the "purges" thousands of people were expelled from the Bolshevik Party and then arrested, imprisoned or persecuted later. But the number of Stalinism victims was estimated at the millions. They put their lives to the basement of Soviet Empire and its leader, Stalin. There is interestingly that Lenin understood the dangerosity of his comrade, Stalin, for Bolshevik Party. He wrote in his Testament: "Comrade Stalin, having become General Secretary has immeasurable power concentrated in his hands, and I am not sure that he always knows how to use that power with sufficient control" (Lenin, 1922) Lenin and Stalin demonstrated different approaches in the economic policy of Communist State. Vladimir Lenin introduced the New Economic Policy and restored the agricultural and industrial

Advertising Manipulates And Persuading The Consumers Media Essay

Advertising Manipulates And Persuading The Consumers Media Essay The basic purpose of this paper is to understand the techniques used by advertisers, the propaganda they create and the real dangers they cause in modern society. Our argument is essentially unless people become aware, our society will change direction. A balanced view however cannot ignore the fact that people like to be in control of their thoughts.   Ads also give information about their products.  Some inform against disease risks, others are for humanitarian aid or for the Nations welfare but this kind of ads is not much prevalent. In the following pages, we will first look at what are the methods used by advertisers, how they manipulate dreams and yearnings; then we will turn back to the power and strategies of advertising which attract people with guilt complexes, emotional blockages and false ideas before finally examining the influences on children through various examples of commercial campaigns using transgression and appearance. The main goal of advertising is to demonstrate in every ad that consumers have an important and interesting offer and the reason to buy a product. Advertising helps a product to be sold. If it is well advertised, people will be aware of a product and it will lead to an increase in sales. Moreover, with a well marketed ad, it is easier for consumers to understand the benefits of a product and where to find it. Furthermore, people will save time and money instead of trying every kind of product. Companies use different ways to help sell and identify a product with for example, slogans which are used over and over. Advertising is aimed at people who are loyal customers. For example, make-up and beauty products are targeted at women while razors and brief-boxers are targeted at men. Slogans like Its the real thing. Coke by Coca-Cola (Bovà ©e, Thill, Dovel, and Wood 680), or Because Im worth it by lOreal but also Just do it by Nike help consumers to recognize companies. When people see t he Nike symbol, they know what to expect. Nike introduce of the best athletes in their ads and it feels to the viewers a great satisfaction, that is why they want to buy sportswear to be like Zinedine Zidane, Usain Bolt etc. Advertisers create strong, persuasive and lasting symbols. However, these repetitive slogans lead to a ballyhoo and it gets into everybody, people are no longer interested by the quality of the product but they are only focus on the brand. Sut Jhally, in the film The Ad and the Ego, said that symbolism is never natural, it is tied up with power. Advertising plays a positive key role in many aspects; it also helps health care organizations, charitable organizations and social activist groups encourage people to give money, to do voluntary work, or vote to change laws (Day 34). Agreed, but is it the good way to ask some help by broadcasting or others ads? For example, charitable organizations like Amnesty International reach out to their audience by commercials, m agazine ads. These ads help consumers to become more aware of problems and that each coin is important, as well as all the support they can give. Should not these organizations directly go and see people, be attractive, organize meetings? Another example is ads made by government for road safety but it does not mean that there are less accidents. We can also watch ads to join the army, but is a thirty second clip make people really want to join military services? We could not ignore that advertising has various negative aspects. In this paper we will focus on the methods used by advertisers, we will bring to light propaganda and underline ballyhoo to understand what has changed in consumers behaviours in the contemporary society. We will debate on what are the real goals of advertising and why it leads to a kind of corruption. The number of advertisements, exposed daily to Americans, has soared over the last few decades. Studies reveal that people see three thousands ads per day. Advertising is omnipresent, at the service station, at cinema, in toilet or during sports events, we have now two ads breaks during a film on television. Even space is not sheltered from marketing. The Russian space program has launched a rocket on which was painted a Pizza Hut logo, and some companies have even explored the possibility of putting ads in space that we could see from the earth. People are clearly obsessed by advertising. When we speak about propaganda, people tend to think of Hitlers and Stalines massacres but in this essay we point out the ways of which companies try to encourage people to buy products. They persuade people about the truth of an idea, the quality and the appropriateness (Propaganda and Persuasion: Misuse of Language and Meaning) of a product, why these shoes are better than the other ones. Propaga nda is not a simple form of communication; indeed, it is directional because people buy products to be in vogue, and it is also emotional because advertising directly appeals to human feelings, we will precisely examine it in the second part of this essay. This famous George Orwells statement Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past. show the relations between symbolism and power of advertising. Who choices and controls symbolisms? What are the strategies used by advertisers? Bandwagon is a common technique, it is an appeal to join the crowd because others are doing things which are victorious, that is the winning side. If someone do not that, he will be left out. For example, on TV ads, we see that everyone enjoys playing football because they wear the same tee-shirts, so we jump on the bandwagon and buy this tee-shirt. Another kind of propaganda, named testimonial, is used when a famous person is connected with an item Eight out of ten women artists recommend Chanels perfume. The next type is transfer, when the quality of the product is associated with the user. Then, we study repetition; it isnt just the apparition of the logo which works, it is the repetition of this same logo over and over which hypnotize us and force us to consume things we dont really need. As Chris McLean says, the products that stand out and say buy me, are ones that carry a logo that has been repeated to us time and time before. This sort of advertising just doesnt randomly occur. Finally, we insist on the glittering generalities which are positive meanings highly valued, which make us believe that if we buy a product our life will change. Advertisers try to gather all of theses types of propaganda to make successful ads. The challenge is not to create works of literary merit, but to meet advertising objectives. This does not mean that copywriting is not an art, however, it is simply art in pursuit of a business goal (Bovà ©e, Thill, Dove l, and Wood, 676). Unfortunately, business goal makes sense with money, and the different methods used by advertisers lead to a societys perversion in order to make profit. We can call that a brainwashing, all mankind are bewitched in a wave of advertising and it has changed consumers behavior. They linger over some headlines, some slogans or labels that serve as the come-on to get them to stop turning the page and check out ads (Bovà ©e, Thill, Dovel, and Wood, 677). The TV world becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy: the mass mind takes shape, its participants acting according to media-derived impulses and believing them to be their own personal volition arising out of their own desires and needs. In such a situation, whoever (advertisers) controls the screen controls the future, the past, and the present (Nelson 82). We have seen that advertisers use various strategies to persuade people buying products, we will now outline that people are  attracted by false  ideas and   hav e  guilt complexes and  emotional blockages, advertising influences  peoples behavior by manipulating dreams and yearnings. To support our argument, we will refer to a quotation of Northrop Frye who said that advertising is a judicious mixture of flattery and threats. Herbert Krugman noted, in a research based on the brains survey, that viewers are in an hypnotic state and mostly in trance, they were getting their beta-endorphine fix. Advertisers take hold on consumers minds, they tug at their psycho ­logical shirtsleeves and slow them down long enough for a word or two about whatever is being sold (Fowles 658). They try to draw attention to a picture, a slogan, a song by giving form to peoples deep-lying desires, and picturing states of being that individuals privately yearn for (Fowles 658). explained that the function of a display in the store is to recall the consumers experience of the product in the commercial. You dont ask for a product, the product asks for you! That is, a persons recall of a commercial is evoked by the product itself, visible on a shelf or island display, interacting with the s tored data in his brain. People in modern society no longer takes time to think about a product, its usefulness, interest that it will bring. They are enrolled in the consumer society, they go in search of having the most possible clothing, perfumes or cars. Society became too materialistic, does happiness happen with the possession of more goods? Before, people preferred having a simple life, spending weekend in the countryside, fishing, without luxurious cars and a bling-bling lifestyle but advertising pushes them into enjoying the material pleasures of a modern, technological society (Bovà ©e and Arens 687). It can be argued that there is a relationship between the Marshall McLuhans continuous pressure and the belief in the power of advertising to control customers against their will, an attitude that consumers simply have no freedom of choice when confronted with advertising persuasion (Bovà ©e and Arens 687). Emotional appeals add up to the manipulation of consumers. The use of subconscious appeals is designed to stimulate subrational impulses and desires, even if they are unacknowledged by their possessor (Fowles 659). Fowles demonstrated that ads can be classified in fifteen groups according to the appeals they communicate and he explained that his idea was inspired by Murrays list which grouped a full taxonomy of needs. In every ads we watched, we are brought face to face with appeals, there are many needs that appeal to our psychology. For example, the need to nurture corresponds to maternal instincts, each time we see something cute, precious (Fowles 664) like a child or a kitten. Advertisers use affiliation to win affection of another (Fowles 662). When someone has the feeling to be protected by an image, that is need for guidance. The need for prominence and attention can be brought together because people want to be respected, to be highly esteemed by everyone. Beauty is attractive and gives us aesthetic sensations, we call it the beauty myth; W e will tell you what is beautiful and what isnt. Our products are what make people beautiful. To be happy you must be beautiful, and to be beautiful you must buy our clothing and cosmetics. Most people are not consciously aware they are commanded to buy some products. Stuart Ewen declared that it became the assumption that the way people are persuaded is to appeal to them on unconscious levels (The Ad and the Ego). He considered that the ultimate psychology is pavlovian because ads use communication strategies that create stimuli which make people respond in a manner similar to how Pavlovs dogs were trained to salivate at the mere ringing of a bell. Advertisers make ads in order to represent everyday life, to recall customers feelings, in that way people recognize themselves; they dont see this like advertising, but just like something that is done. We have been concentrated on the psychological approach through appeals and needs which surround us in various ads, through false ideas and dreams that are conveying and again this obsession of buying with the promise of greater status, greater social acceptance and greater sex appeal (Bovà ©e and Arens 686). Our discussion of the debate leads us to the next point, childrens manipulation. Each brand has strategies and, particularly, according to the audience targeted. Currently, pocket money of young people is a significant sum to investors. Moreover, young peoplehave a strong influence on parents. They are the consumers of tomorrow, that explains the investment of major brands for customer loyalty and make them become good consumers. So, that is why brands have to adhere to their valuesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹, use their tools and languages. As a result, children and adolescents are targeted aggressively by food advertisers, and are exposed to a growing and unprecedented amount of advertising, marketing, and commercialism through a wide range of channels. The principal goal of food advertising and marketing aimed at children is to influence brand awareness, brand preference, brand loyalty, and food purchases among youth (Food Advertising and Marketing Directed at Children and Adolescents in the US). Teenagers need to look like group members and if not the y are cast out. The youth do not see themselves survive without the favourite sneakers wore by the group they belong. Young people need to identify with themselves and brands know that. The best example is with De Von Dutch brand. There was no advertising and it has immediately been successful. The simple fact, that celebrities wear clothing, made its name. The brand had clinched a deal with Thierry Henry and Michael Young who were systematically wearing these clothes during meetings. It can be argued that brands make use of young people to sell their products. Advertising puts the sweet flavor forward in various products they offer to young people. It is not only found in food products but also in cigarettes, cosmetics, and especially in alcoholic beverages. This abundance of sugar has resulted in a consumption more and more important and it leads to obesity problem. To be among the few messages that do manage to gain access to minds, advertisers must be strategic, perhaps even a l ittle under ­handed at times (Fowles 658). During parties students, open bars, or ferias, brands are present in order to promote or to update new products. Internet is a very attractive medium for advertisers wishing to target children. It is in the youth culture because they are growing up in a world where the Internet plays a big part in everyday life. Parents do not understand the scope of the solicitation to which their children are exposed on the Internet. At each new tab opened, an advertisement is displayed on the screen, young people are forced to pay attention. Children are often alone without parental supervision. Unlike other broadcast media, Internet advertising is not controlled. It facilitates the collection of personal information about young people and it allows to target individually children through personalized messages. It is difficult for adolescents to develop healthy attitudes about sexuality and body image when many of advertisements are filled with thin, fit, beautiful and very sexually attractive people. It can be seen that there is a link between sex appeal, physical attractiveness, popularity, success and happiness. Fashion designers like Calvin Klein, Guess resort to aggressive campaigns involving young people. These ads sell more than clothes, they also sell adult sexuality. The tobacco and alcohol industries target young people in advertisements giving an impression of being cool, independent. The Marlboro Man (696 Marlboro), with his image of independence and autonomy, struck a responsive chord among adolescent males (Advertising and Marketing Directed at Children and Adolescents in the US). Marketers publish advertisements in magazines mostly read mostly by teenagers and place advertisements near schools, on billboards, in bus shelters. They make smoking favourite of young people. They sponsor concerts and sporting events and broadcast their ads during programs listened by young people. Because marketing to children and adolescents has become so pervasive, many child advocates and media experts believe that such marketing constitutes an escalating public health problem. The intense marketing of high fat, high sugar foods, tobacco, alcohol, to young children can be considered as exploitation because they do not understand that adverts are designed to sell products and can not comprehend or evaluate advertising (Advertising and Marketing Directed at Children and Adolescents in the US). The purpose of advertising is to persuade, and young children have few defenses against such advertising. Older children and teens can be manipulated by the strong emotive messages in advertisements. (Strasburger 186). To conclude, it is necessary to remind Carrie Snows quote, who said, Advertising degrades the people it appeals to; it deprives them of their will to choose. The present study was designed to show that advertising made change peoples behaviors because it is manipulative. One of the more significant findings to emerge from this paper is that advertisers use strategies in order to take control of consumers minds to increase sales. It is a matter of money. Advertisers are conscious of peoples emotionalism and trifle with them. We have seen that marketers have various tactics to make believe that consumers need a product. Unfortunately, people are ignorant toward the control. That is why advertisers take advantage of it since the earliest years; children are under a persisting pressure and are influenced to eat more sugar, smoke more cigarettes and buy more shoes. Generally, people want to have a great social status, to be fashionable, they want to feel respected. An obvious solution to the problem highlighted in this paper would be to protect from commercial influences that may adversely impact people health, and that as a society that values man, there should be greater social responsibility for their present and future health (Food Advertising and Marketing Directed at Children and Adolescents in the US). The limitations of this study are clear, advertising has also benefits. However exploratory, this study may offer some insight into the current society in which we are living. Despite his limitations, this study does suggest that people ought to stand back from ads they see every day and understand that it is a trap to make them consume again and again.

Summary of the Bell Jar :: essays research papers

Esther Greenwood, a college student from Massachusetts, traveled to New York to work on a magazine for a month as a guest editor. Esther knows she should be having the time of her life, but she feels like she is in a living nightmare. The execution of the Rosenbergs worries her, and this is what triggers the bell jar closing in on Esther and covering her view on life. When she goes home, she finds that she is in more of a nightmare. She tries to cut her wrists, but cannot. She tries to hang herself, but cannot find a place to hang the rope. In a desperate attempt to end her life she takes a large amount of sleeping pills and hides in a crawl space in her basement. But, she survives and awakes in a hospital. She remains uncooperative until Philomena Guinea, a wealthy woman who also gave Esther her college scholarship, pays for Esther to go into a private hospital. Esther improves slowly, she also meets Joan, who is a lesbian. When Esther finds out Joan’s sexuality, she finds Joan to be repulsive. Joan seems to be improving like Esther, but she commits suicide. Esther left the mental hospital in time to start the winter semester at college. She believed that she had regained a grasp on sanity, but knows that the bell jar of her madness could descend again at any time. Esther Greenwood is the protagonist and narrator of The Bell Jar. I find her extremely unique because of her view on life, the way that she thinks of people and how life works is very curious. Esther feels as if no one in the world understands her and is very selfish. During most of the book, no matter where Esther goes, she exists in the hell of her own mind. She seemed trapped inside herself, with no external existence, no matter how new and exciting, nothing could change how she felt.